python2.7实现邮件发送功能

发布时间：2023-06-03 03:18:35 来源：互联网

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秋天是收获的季节。柿子树上缀满了小红灯笼似的柿子，沉甸甸的，把枝头都压弯了。枫树的叶子火红火红的，像一堆正在燃烧的火焰。那梧桐树的枯叶在秋风中纷纷飘落下来，像翩翩起舞的金色蝴蝶。

要想实现一个能够发送带有文本、图片、附件的python程序，首先要熟悉两大模块：

email以及smtplib

然后对于MIME（邮件扩展）要有一定认知，因为有了扩展才能发送附件以及图片这些媒体或者非文本信息

最后一个比较细节的方法就是MIMEMultipart，要理解其用法以及对应参数所实现的功能区别

发送邮件三部曲：

创建协议对象
连接邮件服务器
登陆并发送邮件

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import mimetypes

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import os
import smtplib

from email import Encoders as email_encoders


class Message(object):
 def __init__(self, from_addr, to_addr, subject="", html="", text=None, cc_addr=[], attachment=[]):

  self.from_addr = from_addr
  self.subject = subject

  if to_addr:
   if isinstance(to_addr, list):
    self.to_addr = to_addr
   else:
    self.to_addr = [d for d in to_addr.split(',')]
  else:
   self.to_addr = []

  if cc_addr:
   if isinstance(cc_addr, list):
    self.cc_addr = cc_addr
   else:
    self.cc_addr = [d for d in cc_addr.split(',')]
  else:
   self.cc_addr = []

  if html is not None:
   self.body = html
   self.body_type = "html"
  else:
   self.body = text
   self.body_type = "plain"

  self.parts = []
  if isinstance(attachment, list):
   for file in attachment:
    self.add_attachment(file)

 def add_attachment(self, file_path, mimetype=None):
  """
   If *mimetype* is not specified an attempt to guess it is made. If nothing
   is guessed then `application/octet-stream` is used.
  """
  if not mimetype:
   mimetype, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)

  if mimetype is None:
   mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'

  type_maj, type_min = mimetype.split('/')
  with open(file_path, 'rb') as fh:
   part_data = fh.read()

   part = MIMEBase(type_maj, type_min)
   part.set_payload(part_data)
   email_encoders.encode_base64(part)

   part_filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
   part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"'
       % part_filename)
   part.add_header('Content-ID', part_filename)

   self.parts.append(part)

 def __to_mime_message(self):
  """Returns the message as
  :py:class:`email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart`."""

  ## To get the message work in iOS, you need use multipart/related, not the multipart/alternative
  msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
  msg['Subject'] = self.subject
  msg['From'] = self.from_addr
  msg['To'] = ','.join(self.to_addr)

  if len(self.cc_addr) > 0:
   msg['CC'] = ','.join(self.cc_addr)

  body = MIMEText(self.body, self.body_type)
  msg.attach(body)

  # Add Attachment
  for part in self.parts:
   msg.attach(part)

  return msg

 def send(self, smtp_server='localhost'):

  smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
  smtp.connect(smtp_server)
  smtp.sendmail(from_addr=self.from_addr, to_addrs=self.to_addr + self.cc_addr, msg=self.__to_mime_message().as_string())
  smtp.close()

对于实际发送程序，要注意个参数的类型，比如from_addr是字符串，to_addr和cc_addr以及attachment都是列表

from mail_base import Message
import datetime
from_addr = 'xxx'
mail_to = 'xxx'


def send_go():
 time_now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
 attach_files = ['testcsv.xlsm','test1.jpg','test2.jpg','test3.jpg']
 mail_msg = """
  <p>Hi Lockey:</p>
  <p><img src="cid:test1.jpg"></p>####要特别注意这里，正文插入图片的特殊格式！！！
  <hr/>
  <p style="text-indent:16px">Here is the latest paper link from The Economist, you can click <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="https://lockeycheng.github.io/iooi/index.html" rel="external nofollow" >Go</a> for a full view!</p>
  <hr/>
  <p>Best Regards</p>
  <p>
   Any question please mail to <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href='mailto:iooiooi23@163.com'>Lockey23</a>.
  </p>
  <p>Sent at {} PST</p>
  """.format(time_now)
 subject = '[Halo] - ' + 'A new paper published!'
 msg = Message(from_addr=from_addr,
     to_addr=[mail_to],
     cc_addr=[mail_to],
     subject=subject,
     attachment=attach_files,
     html=mail_msg
     )
 msg.send()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 send_go()

对于测试程序我们命名为sendGo.py，运行测试程序