C# 23种设计模式

//抽象玩家类
    public abstract class AbstractCardPlayer
    {
        public int MoneyCount { get; set; }
        public AbstractCardPlayer()
        {
            this.MoneyCount = 0;
        }
        public abstract void ChangeCount(int count, AbstractCardPlayer other);
    }
    //玩家A类
    public class PlayerA : AbstractCardPlayer
    {
        public override void ChangeCount(int count, AbstractCardPlayer other)
        {
            this.MoneyCount += count;
            other.MoneyCount -= count;
        }
    }
    //玩家B类
    public class PlayerB : AbstractCardPlayer
    {
        public override void ChangeCount(int count, AbstractCardPlayer other)
        {
            this.MoneyCount += count;
            other.MoneyCount -= count;
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AbstractCardPlayer a = new PlayerA() { MoneyCount = 20 };
            AbstractCardPlayer b = new PlayerB() { MoneyCount = 20 };
            //玩家a赢了玩家b 5元
            Console.WriteLine("a赢了b5元");
            a.ChangeCount(5, b);
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家a现在有{a.MoneyCount}元");
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家b现在有{b.MoneyCount}元");
            //玩家b赢了玩家a 10元
            Console.WriteLine("b赢了a10元");
            b.ChangeCount(10, a);
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家a现在有{a.MoneyCount}元");
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家b现在有{b.MoneyCount}元");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

//抽象玩家类
    public abstract class AbstractCardPlayer
    {
        public int MoneyCount { get; set; }
        public AbstractCardPlayer()
        {
            this.MoneyCount = 0;
        }
        public abstract void ChangeCount(int count, AbstractMediator mediator);
    }
    //玩家A类
    public class PlayerA : AbstractCardPlayer
    {
        //通过中介者来算账，不用直接找输家了
        public override void ChangeCount(int count, AbstractMediator mediator)
        {
            mediator.AWin(count);
        }
    }
    //玩家B类
    public class PlayerB : AbstractCardPlayer
    {
        public override void ChangeCount(int count, AbstractMediator mediator)
        {
            mediator.BWin(count);
        }
    }
    //抽象中介者
    public abstract class AbstractMediator
    {
        //中介者必须知道所有同事
        public AbstractCardPlayer A;
        public AbstractCardPlayer B;
        public AbstractMediator(AbstractCardPlayer a,AbstractCardPlayer b)
        {
            A = a;
            B = b;
        }
        public abstract void AWin(int count);
        public abstract void BWin(int count);
    }
    //具体中介者
    public class Mediator : AbstractMediator
    {
        public Mediator(AbstractCardPlayer a,AbstractCardPlayer b):base(a,b){}
        public override void AWin(int count)
        {
            A.MoneyCount += count;
            B.MoneyCount -= count;
        }
        public override void BWin(int count)
        {
            A.MoneyCount -= count;
            B.MoneyCount += count;
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AbstractCardPlayer a = new PlayerA() { MoneyCount = 20 };
            AbstractCardPlayer b = new PlayerB() { MoneyCount = 20 };
            AbstractMediator mediator = new Mediator(a, b);
            //玩家a赢了玩家b 5元
            Console.WriteLine("a赢了b5元");
            a.ChangeCount(5, mediator);
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家a现在有{a.MoneyCount}元");
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家b现在有{b.MoneyCount}元");
            //玩家b赢了玩家a 10元
            Console.WriteLine("b赢了a10元");
            b.ChangeCount(10, mediator);
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家a现在有{a.MoneyCount}元");
            Console.WriteLine($"玩家b现在有{b.MoneyCount}元");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

         static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] arr = { 2,3,5,8};
            foreach (int item in arr)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("item's Value is :{0}",item);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

      static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] arr = { 2,3,5,8};
            //获取arr的枚举器
            IEnumerator ie = arr.GetEnumerator();
            while (ie.MoveNext())
            {
                int i = (int)ie.Current;
                Console.WriteLine("item's value is:{0}",i);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ColorList colors = new ColorList();
            //foreach遍历自定义的类型
            foreach (var item in colors)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }

            Console.ReadKey();

        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义类 ColorList实现IEnumerable接口
        /// </summary>
        public class ColorList : IEnumerable
        {
            //实现GetEnumerator接口方法
            public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
            {
                return new ColorEnumrator(new string[]{ "red", "blue", "green", "pink" });
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义枚举器
        /// </summary>
        public class ColorEnumrator : IEnumerator
        {
            string[] _colors;
            //位置索引
            private int _position = -1;
            //枚举器构造方法
            public ColorEnumrator(string[] theColors)
            {
                _colors = new string[theColors.Length];
                for (int i = 0; i < theColors.Length; i++)
                {
                    _colors[i] = theColors[i];
                }
            }
            //获取当前项的值
            public object Current
            {
                get
                {
                    if (_position < 0 || _position > _colors.Length)
                    {
                        throw new Exception("超过边界了!");
                    }
                    return _colors[_position];
                }
            }
            //指向下一项
            public bool MoveNext()
            {
                if (_position<_colors.Length-1)
                {
                    _position++;
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
            //复位
            public void Reset()
            {
                _position = -1;
            }
        }
    }

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ColorList colors = new ColorList();
            //foreach遍历自定义的ColorList类型
            foreach (var item in colors)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();

           
        }
      
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 自定义颜色集合，实现IEnumerable接口
    /// </summary>
    public class ColorList : IEnumerable
    {
        //实现GetEnumerator接口方法
        public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
        {
            string[] colors= { "red", "green", "blue", "pink" };
            for (int i = 0; i < colors.Length; i++)
            {
                //yield return的作用是指定下一项的内容
                yield return colors[i];
            }

            //想反向遍历时可以这样写
            //for (int i = colors.Length-1; i >=0; i--)
            //{
            //    yield return colors[i];
            //}
        }
    }

// 教官，负责调用命令对象执行请求
    public class Invoke
    {
        public Command _command;

        public Invoke(Command command)
        {
            this._command = command;
        }

        public void ExecuteCommand()
        {
            _command.Action();
        }
    }

    // 命令抽象类
    public abstract class Command 
    {
        // 命令应该知道接收者是谁，所以有Receiver这个成员变量
        protected Receiver _receiver;

        public Command(Receiver receiver)
        {
            this._receiver = receiver;
        }

        // 命令执行方法
        public abstract void Action();
    }

    // 
    public class ConcreteCommand :Command
    {
        public ConcreteCommand(Receiver receiver)
            : base(receiver)
        { 
        }

        public override void Action()
        {
            // 调用接收的方法，因为执行命令的是学生
            _receiver.Run1000Meters();
        }
    }

    // 命令接收者——学生
    public class Receiver
    {
        public void Run1000Meters()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("跑1000米");
        }
    }

    // 院领导
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 初始化Receiver、Invoke和Command
            Receiver r = new Receiver();
            Command c = new ConcreteCommand(r);
            Invoke i = new Invoke(c);
            
            // 院领导发出命令
            i.ExecuteCommand();
        }
    }

// 院领导
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
           // 行为的请求者和行为的实现者之间呈现一种紧耦合关系
            Receiver r = new Receiver();

            r.Run1000Meters();
        }
    }

    public class Receiver
    {
        // 操作
        public void Run1000Meters()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("跑1000米");
        }
    }

// 院领导
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
           // 行为的请求者和行为的实现者之间呈现一种紧耦合关系
            Receiver r = new Receiver();

            r.Run1000Meters();
        }
    }

    public class Receiver
    {
        // 操作
        public void Run1000Meters()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("跑1000米");
        }
    }

namespace StatePatternSample
{
    public class Account
    {
        public State State {get;set;}
        public string Owner { get; set; }
        public Account(string owner)
        {
            this.Owner = owner;
            this.State = new SilverState(0.0, this);
        }

        public double Balance { get {return State.Balance; }} // 余额
        // 存钱
        public void Deposit(double amount)
        {
            State.Deposit(amount);
            Console.WriteLine("存款金额为 {0:C}——", amount);
            Console.WriteLine("账户余额为 =:{0:C}", this.Balance);
            Console.WriteLine("账户状态为: {0}", this.State.GetType().Name);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }

        // 取钱
        public void Withdraw(double amount)
        {
            State.Withdraw(amount);
             Console.WriteLine("取款金额为 {0:C}——",amount);
            Console.WriteLine("账户余额为 =:{0:C}", this.Balance);
            Console.WriteLine("账户状态为: {0}", this.State.GetType().Name);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }

        // 获得利息
        public void PayInterest()
        {
            State.PayInterest();
            Console.WriteLine("Interest Paid --- ");
            Console.WriteLine("账户余额为 =:{0:C}", this.Balance);
            Console.WriteLine("账户状态为: {0}", this.State.GetType().Name);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }

    // 抽象状态类
    public abstract class State
    {
        // Properties
        public Account Account { get; set; }
        public double Balance { get; set; } // 余额
        public double Interest { get; set; } // 利率
        public double LowerLimit { get; set; } // 下限
        public double UpperLimit { get; set; } // 上限

        public abstract void Deposit(double amount); // 存款
        public abstract void Withdraw(double amount); // 取钱
        public abstract void PayInterest(); // 获得的利息
    }

    // Red State意味着Account透支了
    public class RedState : State
    {
        public RedState(State state)
        {
            // Initialize
            this.Balance = state.Balance;
            this.Account = state.Account;
            Interest = 0.00;
            LowerLimit = -100.00;
            UpperLimit = 0.00;
        }

        // 存款
        public override void Deposit(double amount)
        {
            Balance += amount;
            StateChangeCheck();
        }
        // 取钱
        public override void Withdraw(double amount)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("没有钱可以取了！");
        }

        public override void PayInterest()
        {
            // 没有利息
        }

        private void StateChangeCheck()
        {
            if (Balance > UpperLimit)
            {
                Account.State = new SilverState(this);
            }
        }
    }

    // Silver State意味着没有利息得
    public class SilverState :State
    {
        public SilverState(State state)
            : this(state.Balance, state.Account)
        { 
        }

        public SilverState(double balance, Account account)
        {
            this.Balance = balance;
            this.Account = account;
            Interest = 0.00;
            LowerLimit = 0.00;
            UpperLimit = 1000.00;
        }

        public override void Deposit(double amount)
        {
            Balance += amount;
            StateChangeCheck();
        }
        public override void Withdraw(double amount)
        {
            Balance -= amount;
            StateChangeCheck();
        }

        public override void PayInterest()
        {
            Balance += Interest * Balance;
            StateChangeCheck();
        }

        private void StateChangeCheck()
        {
            if (Balance < LowerLimit)
            {
                Account.State = new RedState(this);
            }
            else if (Balance > UpperLimit)
            {
                Account.State = new GoldState(this);
            }
        }     
    }

    // Gold State意味着有利息状态
    public class GoldState : State
    {
        public GoldState(State state)
        {
            this.Balance = state.Balance;
            this.Account = state.Account;
            Interest = 0.05;
            LowerLimit = 1000.00;
            UpperLimit = 1000000.00;
        }
        // 存钱
        public override void Deposit(double amount)
        {
            Balance += amount;
            StateChangeCheck();
        }
        // 取钱
        public override void Withdraw(double amount)
        {
            Balance -= amount;
            StateChangeCheck();
        }
        public override void PayInterest()
        {
            Balance += Interest * Balance;
            StateChangeCheck();
        }

        private void StateChangeCheck()
        {
            if (Balance < 0.0)
            {
                Account.State = new RedState(this);
            }
            else if (Balance < LowerLimit)
            {
                Account.State = new SilverState(this);
            }
        }
    }

    class App
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 开一个新的账户
            Account account = new Account("Learning Hard");

            // 进行交易
            // 存钱
            account.Deposit(1000.0);
            account.Deposit(200.0);
            account.Deposit(600.0);

            // 付利息
            account.PayInterest();

            // 取钱
            account.Withdraw(2000.00);
            account.Withdraw(500.00);
            
            // 等待用户输入
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

// 抽象牌友类
    public abstract class AbstractCardPartner
    {
        public int MoneyCount { get; set; }

        public AbstractCardPartner()
        {
            MoneyCount = 0;
        }

        public abstract void ChangeCount(int Count, AbstractMediator mediator);
    }

    // 牌友A类
    public class ParterA : AbstractCardPartner
    {
        // 依赖与抽象中介者对象
        public override void ChangeCount(int Count, AbstractMediator mediator)
        {
            mediator.ChangeCount(Count);
        }
    }

    // 牌友B类
    public class ParterB : AbstractCardPartner
    {
        // 依赖与抽象中介者对象
        public override void ChangeCount(int Count, AbstractMediator mediator)
        {
            mediator.ChangeCount(Count);
        }
    }

    // 抽象状态类
    public abstract class State
    {
        protected AbstractMediator meditor;
        public abstract void ChangeCount(int count);
    }

    // A赢状态类
    public class AWinState : State
    {
        public AWinState(AbstractMediator concretemediator)
        {
            this.meditor = concretemediator;
        }

        public override void ChangeCount(int count)
        {
            foreach (AbstractCardPartner p in meditor.list)
            {
                ParterA a = p as ParterA;
                // 
                if (a != null)
                {
                    a.MoneyCount += count;
                }
                else
                {
                    p.MoneyCount -= count;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // B赢状态类
    public class BWinState : State
    {
        public BWinState(AbstractMediator concretemediator)
        {
            this.meditor = concretemediator;
        }

        public override void ChangeCount(int count)
        {
            foreach (AbstractCardPartner p in meditor.list)
            {
                ParterB b = p as ParterB;
                // 如果集合对象中时B对象，则对B的钱添加
                if (b != null)
                {
                    b.MoneyCount += count;
                }
                else
                {
                    p.MoneyCount -= count;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 初始化状态类
    public class InitState : State
    {
        public InitState()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("游戏才刚刚开始,暂时还有玩家胜出");
        }

        public override void ChangeCount(int count)
        {
            // 
            return;
        }
    }

    // 抽象中介者类
    public abstract class AbstractMediator
    {
        public List<AbstractCardPartner> list = new List<AbstractCardPartner>();

        public State State { get; set; }

        public AbstractMediator(State state)
        {
            this.State = state;
        }

        public void Enter(AbstractCardPartner partner)
        {
            list.Add(partner);
        }

        public void Exit(AbstractCardPartner partner)
        {
            list.Remove(partner);
        }

        public void ChangeCount(int count)
        {
            State.ChangeCount(count);
        }
    }

    // 具体中介者类
    public class MediatorPater : AbstractMediator
    {
        public MediatorPater(State initState)
            : base(initState)
        { }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AbstractCardPartner A = new ParterA();
            AbstractCardPartner B = new ParterB();
            // 初始钱
            A.MoneyCount = 20;
            B.MoneyCount = 20;

            AbstractMediator mediator = new MediatorPater(new InitState());

            // A,B玩家进入平台进行游戏
            mediator.Enter(A);
            mediator.Enter(B);

            // A赢了
            mediator.State = new AWinState(mediator);
            mediator.ChangeCount(5);
            Console.WriteLine("A 现在的钱是：{0}", A.MoneyCount);// 应该是25
            Console.WriteLine("B 现在的钱是：{0}", B.MoneyCount); // 应该是15

            // B 赢了
            mediator.State = new BWinState(mediator);
            mediator.ChangeCount(10);
            Console.WriteLine("A 现在的钱是：{0}", A.MoneyCount);// 应该是25
            Console.WriteLine("B 现在的钱是：{0}", B.MoneyCount); // 应该是15
            Console.Read();
        }
    }

namespace StrategyPattern
{
    // 所得税计算策略
    public interface ITaxStragety
    {
        double CalculateTax(double income);
    }

    // 个人所得税
    public class PersonalTaxStrategy : ITaxStragety
    {
        public double CalculateTax(double income)
        {
            return income * 0.12;
        }
    }

    // 企业所得税
    public class EnterpriseTaxStrategy : ITaxStragety
    {
        public double CalculateTax(double income)
        {
            return (income - 3500) > 0 ? (income - 3500) * 0.045 : 0.0;
        }
    }

    public class InterestOperation
    {
        private ITaxStragety m_strategy;
        public InterestOperation(ITaxStragety strategy)
        {
            this.m_strategy = strategy;
        }

        public double GetTax(double income)
        {
            return m_strategy.CalculateTax(income);
        }
    }

    class App
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 个人所得税方式
            InterestOperation operation = new InterestOperation(new PersonalTaxStrategy());
            Console.WriteLine("个人支付的税为：{0}", operation.GetTax(5000.00));

            // 企业所得税
            operation = new InterestOperation(new EnterpriseTaxStrategy());
            Console.WriteLine("企业支付的税为：{0}", operation.GetTax(50000.00));

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

namespace DonotUsevistorPattern
{
    // 抽象元素角色
    public abstract class Element
    {      
        public abstract void Print();
    }

    // 具体元素A
    public class ElementA : Element
    {    
        public override void Print()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是元素A");
        }
    }

    // 具体元素B
    public class ElementB : Element
    {
        public override void Print()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是元素B");
        }
    }

    // 对象结构
    public class ObjectStructure
    {
        private ArrayList elements = new ArrayList();

        public ArrayList Elements
        {
            get { return elements; }
        }

        public ObjectStructure()
        {
            Random ran = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                int ranNum = ran.Next(10);
                if (ranNum > 5)
                {
                    elements.Add(new ElementA());
                }
                else
                {
                    elements.Add(new ElementB());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ObjectStructure objectStructure = new ObjectStructure();
            // 遍历对象结构中的对象集合，访问每个元素的Print方法打印元素信息
            foreach (Element e in objectStructure.Elements)
            {
                e.Print();
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

namespace VistorPattern
{
    // 抽象元素角色
    public abstract class Element
    {
        public abstract void Accept(IVistor vistor);
        public abstract void Print();
    }

    // 具体元素A
    public class ElementA :Element
    {
        public override void Accept(IVistor vistor)
        {
            // 调用访问者visit方法
            vistor.Visit(this);
        }
        public override void Print()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是元素A");
        }
    }
    
    // 具体元素B
    public class ElementB :Element
    {
        public override void Accept(IVistor vistor)
        {
            vistor.Visit(this);
        }
        public override void Print()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是元素B");
        }
    }

    // 抽象访问者
    public interface IVistor 
    {
        void Visit(ElementA a);
        void Visit(ElementB b);
    }

    // 具体访问者
    public class ConcreteVistor :IVistor
    {
        // visit方法而是再去调用元素的Accept方法
        public void Visit(ElementA a)
        {
            a.Print();
        }
        public void Visit(ElementB b)
        {
            b.Print();
        }
    }

    // 对象结构
    public class ObjectStructure
    {
        private ArrayList elements = new ArrayList();

        public ArrayList Elements
        {
            get { return elements; }
        }
     
        public ObjectStructure()
        {
            Random ran = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                int ranNum = ran.Next(10);
                if (ranNum > 5)
                {
                    elements.Add(new ElementA());
                }
                else
                {
                    elements.Add(new ElementB());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ObjectStructure objectStructure = new ObjectStructure();
            foreach (Element e in objectStructure.Elements)
            {
                // 每个元素接受访问者访问
                e.Accept(new ConcreteVistor());
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

// 联系人
    public class ContactPerson
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string MobileNum { get; set; }
    }

    // 发起人
    public class MobileOwner
    {
        // 发起人需要保存的内部状态
        public List<ContactPerson> ContactPersons { get; set; }

        public MobileOwner(List<ContactPerson> persons)
        {
            ContactPersons = persons;
        }

        // 创建备忘录，将当期要保存的联系人列表导入到备忘录中 
        public ContactMemento CreateMemento()
        {
            // 这里也应该传递深拷贝，new List方式传递的是浅拷贝，
            // 因为ContactPerson类中都是string类型,所以这里new list方式对ContactPerson对象执行了深拷贝
            // 如果ContactPerson包括非string的引用类型就会有问题，所以这里也应该用序列化传递深拷贝
            return new ContactMemento(new List<ContactPerson>(this.ContactPersons));
        }

        // 将备忘录中的数据备份导入到联系人列表中
        public void RestoreMemento(ContactMemento memento)
        {
            // 下面这种方式是错误的，因为这样传递的是引用，
            // 则删除一次可以恢复，但恢复之后再删除的话就恢复不了.
            // 所以应该传递contactPersonBack的深拷贝，深拷贝可以使用序列化来完成
            this.ContactPersons = memento.contactPersonBack;
        }

        public void Show()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("联系人列表中有{0}个人，他们是:", ContactPersons.Count);
            foreach (ContactPerson p in ContactPersons)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名: {0} 号码为: {1}", p.Name, p.MobileNum);
            }
        }
    }

    // 备忘录
    public class ContactMemento
    {
        // 保存发起人的内部状态
        public List<ContactPerson> contactPersonBack;

        public ContactMemento(List<ContactPerson> persons)
        {
            contactPersonBack = persons;
        }
    }

    // 管理角色
    public class Caretaker
    {
        public ContactMemento ContactM { get; set; }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<ContactPerson> persons = new List<ContactPerson>()
            {
                new ContactPerson() { Name= "Learning Hard", MobileNum = "123445"},
                new ContactPerson() { Name = "Tony", MobileNum = "234565"},
                new ContactPerson() { Name = "Jock", MobileNum = "231455"}
            };
            MobileOwner mobileOwner = new MobileOwner(persons);
            mobileOwner.Show();

            // 创建备忘录并保存备忘录对象
            Caretaker caretaker = new Caretaker();
            caretaker.ContactM = mobileOwner.CreateMemento();

            // 更改发起人联系人列表
            Console.WriteLine("----移除最后一个联系人--------");
            mobileOwner.ContactPersons.RemoveAt(2);
            mobileOwner.Show();

            // 恢复到原始状态
            Console.WriteLine("-------恢复联系人列表------");
            mobileOwner.RestoreMemento(caretaker.ContactM);
            mobileOwner.Show();

            Console.Read();
        }
    }

namespace MultipleMementoPattern
{
    // 联系人
    public class ContactPerson
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string MobileNum { get; set; }
    }

    // 发起人
    public class MobileOwner
    {
        public List<ContactPerson> ContactPersons { get; set; }
        public MobileOwner(List<ContactPerson> persons)
        {
            ContactPersons = persons;
        }

        // 创建备忘录，将当期要保存的联系人列表导入到备忘录中 
        public ContactMemento CreateMemento()
        {
             // 这里也应该传递深拷贝，new List方式传递的是浅拷贝，
            // 因为ContactPerson类中都是string类型,所以这里new list方式对ContactPerson对象执行了深拷贝
            // 如果ContactPerson包括非string的引用类型就会有问题，所以这里也应该用序列化传递深拷贝
            return new ContactMemento(new List<ContactPerson>(this.ContactPersons));
        }

        // 将备忘录中的数据备份导入到联系人列表中
        public void RestoreMemento(ContactMemento memento)
        {
            if (memento != null)
            {
                // 下面这种方式是错误的，因为这样传递的是引用，
                // 则删除一次可以恢复，但恢复之后再删除的话就恢复不了.
                // 所以应该传递contactPersonBack的深拷贝，深拷贝可以使用序列化来完成
                this.ContactPersons = memento.ContactPersonBack;
            }    
        }
        public void Show()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("联系人列表中有{0}个人，他们是:", ContactPersons.Count);
            foreach (ContactPerson p in ContactPersons)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名: {0} 号码为: {1}", p.Name, p.MobileNum);
            }
        }
    }

    // 备忘录
    public class ContactMemento
    {
        public List<ContactPerson> ContactPersonBack {get;set;}
        public ContactMemento(List<ContactPerson> persons)
        {
            ContactPersonBack = persons;
        }
    }

    // 管理角色
    public class Caretaker
    {
        // 使用多个备忘录来存储多个备份点
        public Dictionary<string, ContactMemento> ContactMementoDic { get; set; }
        public Caretaker()
        {
            ContactMementoDic = new Dictionary<string, ContactMemento>();
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<ContactPerson> persons = new List<ContactPerson>()
            {
                new ContactPerson() { Name= "Learning Hard", MobileNum = "123445"},
                new ContactPerson() { Name = "Tony", MobileNum = "234565"},
                new ContactPerson() { Name = "Jock", MobileNum = "231455"}
            };

            MobileOwner mobileOwner = new MobileOwner(persons);
            mobileOwner.Show();

            // 创建备忘录并保存备忘录对象
            Caretaker caretaker = new Caretaker();
            caretaker.ContactMementoDic.Add(DateTime.Now.ToString(), mobileOwner.CreateMemento());

            // 更改发起人联系人列表
            Console.WriteLine("----移除最后一个联系人--------");
            mobileOwner.ContactPersons.RemoveAt(2);
            mobileOwner.Show();

            // 创建第二个备份
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            caretaker.ContactMementoDic.Add(DateTime.Now.ToString(), mobileOwner.CreateMemento());

            // 恢复到原始状态
            Console.WriteLine("-------恢复联系人列表,请从以下列表选择恢复的日期------");
            var keyCollection = caretaker.ContactMementoDic.Keys;
            foreach (string k in keyCollection)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", k);
            }
            while (true)
            {
                Console.Write("请输入数字,按窗口的关闭键退出:");
                
                int index = -1;
                try
                {
                    index = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                }
                catch
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("输入的格式错误");
                    continue;
                }
                
                ContactMemento contactMentor = null;
                if (index < keyCollection.Count && caretaker.ContactMementoDic.TryGetValue(keyCollection.ElementAt(index), out contactMentor))
                {
                    mobileOwner.RestoreMemento(contactMentor);
                    mobileOwner.Show();
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("输入的索引大于集合长度！");
                }
            }     
        }
    }
}

namespace InterpreterPattern
{
    // 抽象表达式
    public abstract class Expression
    {
        protected Dictionary<string, int> table = new Dictionary<string, int>(9);

        protected Expression()
        {
            table.Add("一", 1);
            table.Add("二", 2);
            table.Add("三", 3);
            table.Add("四", 4);
            table.Add("五", 5);
            table.Add("六", 6);
            table.Add("七", 7);
            table.Add("八", 8);
            table.Add("九", 9);
        }

        public virtual void Interpreter(Context context)
        {
            if (context.Statement.Length == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            foreach (string key in table.Keys)
            {
                int value = table[key];

                if (context.Statement.EndsWith(key + GetPostFix()))
                {
                    context.Data += value * this.Multiplier();
                    context.Statement = context.Statement.Substring(0, context.Statement.Length - this.GetLength());
                }
                if (context.Statement.EndsWith("零"))
                {
                    context.Statement = context.Statement.Substring(0, context.Statement.Length - 1);
                }
            }
        }

        public abstract string GetPostFix();

        public abstract int Multiplier();

        //这个可以通用，但是对于个位数字例外，所以用虚方法
        public virtual int GetLength()
        {
            return this.GetPostFix().Length + 1;
        }
    }

    //个位表达式
    public sealed class GeExpression : Expression
    {
        public override string GetPostFix()
        {
            return "";
        }

        public override int Multiplier()
        {
            return 1;
        }

        public override int GetLength()
        {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    //十位表达式
    public sealed class ShiExpression : Expression
    {
        public override string GetPostFix()
        {
            return "十";
        }

        public override int Multiplier()
        {
            return 10;
        }
    }

    //百位表达式
    public sealed class BaiExpression : Expression
    {
        public override string GetPostFix()
        {
            return "百";
        }

        public override int Multiplier()
        {
            return 100;
        }
    }

    //千位表达式
    public sealed class QianExpression : Expression
    {
        public override string GetPostFix()
        {
            return "千";
        }

        public override int Multiplier()
        {
            return 1000;
        }
    }

    //万位表达式
    public sealed class WanExpression : Expression
    {
        public override string GetPostFix()
        {
            return "万";
        }

        public override int Multiplier()
        {
            return 10000;
        }

        public override void Interpreter(Context context)
        {
            if (context.Statement.Length == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            ArrayList tree = new ArrayList();

            tree.Add(new GeExpression());
            tree.Add(new ShiExpression());
            tree.Add(new BaiExpression());
            tree.Add(new QianExpression());

            foreach (string key in table.Keys)
            {
                if (context.Statement.EndsWith(GetPostFix()))
                {
                    int temp = context.Data;
                    context.Data = 0;

                    context.Statement = context.Statement.Substring(0, context.Statement.Length - this.GetLength());

                    foreach (Expression exp in tree)
                    {
                        exp.Interpreter(context);
                    }
                    context.Data = temp + context.Data * this.Multiplier();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //亿位表达式
    public sealed class YiExpression : Expression
    {
        public override string GetPostFix()
        {
            return "亿";
        }

        public override int Multiplier()
        {
            return 100000000;
        }

        public override void Interpreter(Context context)
        {
            ArrayList tree = new ArrayList();

            tree.Add(new GeExpression());
            tree.Add(new ShiExpression());
            tree.Add(new BaiExpression());
            tree.Add(new QianExpression());

            foreach (string key in table.Keys)
            {
                if (context.Statement.EndsWith(GetPostFix()))
                {
                    int temp = context.Data;
                    context.Data = 0;
                    context.Statement = context.Statement.Substring(0, context.Statement.Length - this.GetLength());

                    foreach (Expression exp in tree)
                    {
                        exp.Interpreter(context);
                    }
                    context.Data = temp + context.Data * this.Multiplier();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //环境上下文
    public sealed class Context
    {
        private string _statement;
        private int _data;

        public Context(string statement)
        {
            this._statement = statement;
        }

        public string Statement
        {
            get { return this._statement; }
            set { this._statement = value; }
        }

        public int Data
        {
            get { return this._data; }
            set { this._data = value; }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string roman = "五亿七千三百零二万六千四百五十二";
            //分解：((五)亿)((七千)(三百)(零)(二)万)
            //((六千)(四百)(五十)(二))

            Context context = new Context(roman);
            ArrayList tree = new ArrayList();

            tree.Add(new GeExpression());
            tree.Add(new ShiExpression());
            tree.Add(new BaiExpression());
            tree.Add(new QianExpression());
            tree.Add(new WanExpression());
            tree.Add(new YiExpression());

            foreach (Expression exp in tree)
            {
                exp.Interpreter(context);
            }

            Console.Write(context.Data);

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}